Hi! Sorry for the very late reply. I’ve been having some health issues lately (though thankfully not Covid!) which have sapped away almost all of my productivity 
Looking at your description… The first guess I’ve got is that you’ve been travelling to places that are quite outside your usual daily routines? Though that wouldn’t explain terminations or data gaps, and would only explain Arc being slightly less accurate at visit start and end times (ie up to a few minutes), and less accurate in detecting activity types for travel (eg car, train, etc).
For the gaps in the data, it’s almost certainly a case of the app being terminated by iOS (even if you don’t see the notification - iOS is sometimes a bit unreliable with those). If you’re on holiday and taking photos, then that would be the most likely explanation/cause of terminations. iOS has a habit of very aggressively killing off almost all background apps when the Camera app is opened, and doubly so when taking photos or recording video.
Unfortunately there’s no good way around that problem. It’s just a fact of life for apps on iOS. The warning notification is supposed to let you know, and should appear within 1-2 hours of the app being terminated (or much sooner, if Arc knows the current place well and knows that you’re likely to leave there soon). But yeah, unfortunately there’s a bit of random unpredictability with those notifications getting delivered.
I would’ve suggested restarting the phone, but you’ve already done that one, so you beat me to it! The other possible cause being that the phone has got itself into a weird state, and needs a full reboot to snap out of it. But yeah, if you’ve already done that then that one’s already taken care of.
I’m hoping to have Arc’s new companion app, Arc Mini, live on the soon. And a big benefit of that app is having both that and the main Arc App running on your phone gives you double protection against data gaps, because if iOS kills off one of the apps, the other app will realise, and take over the job of recording. So it effectively eliminates data gap risk, except for the worst case scenarios, like when iOS just loses its shit and kills off everything altogether (which sadly does happen sometimes
).
Though to get Arc Mini live on the store I have a bit more back and forth to do with the App Store Review team, to satisfy their various approval requests. (Just tedious stuff like making videos demonstrating what the app does, but with my productivity so low at the moment it’s a bit of a struggle. But it’ll get there!)
But yeah, short of having Arc Mini as a fallback, unfortunately when iOS acts nasty like that your only option really is to just keep a close eye on the app, to make sure it’s definitely alive when you head out. And especially so if you’re taking photos - check Arc after using the Camera app, to make sure iOS didn’t kill it off. Especially important when taking photos while travelling.
Arc will get automatically restarted, if iOS does kill it off. But how quickly that will happen is entirely up to iOS’s whims, so it could be a minute, or an hour, or a day. iOS really isn’t kind to apps that need to be running continuously, 24/7 
There’s no docs anywhere, but I can answer any questions here, for sure!
Are there any particular numbers in the timeline that don’t make sense to you? Just looking at it now, I see the visit start times and visit durations down the left, then for trip items each one has duration and distance numbers.
If you tap on the visit start time number on the left, then it’ll toggle to showing both visit start and end times (then tapping again will toggle it back to only showing start times).
The colours are semi-unique to each activity type. For example walking is green, cycling sky blue, running orange, etc. The visit items are just coloured the same as the previous trip item, for visual tidiness, and that colour on the visit doesn’t have any special meaning (other than for example a green visit means you walked to that place, because green is the colour for walking).
Cheers 
Matt